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The Impact of Small – Scale Irrigation on Income of Rural Farm Households: Evidence from Ahferom Woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia

Received: 15 July 2015     Accepted: 30 July 2015     Published: 10 August 2015
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Abstract

Background: Small scale irrigation is an important strategy in reducing risks associated with rainfall variability and increasing income of rural farm -households. Objective: To examine the impact of small-scale irrigation on income of rural farm households. It also presents the problems and challenges in use of small scale irrigation. Methods: A cross-sectional data obtained using a sample of 200 respondents selected through multi-stage random sampling techniques from three Tabiyas in Woreda Ahferom in central Tigray, Ethiopia in 2013/2014 cropping year. The data were analyzed using Heckman treatment effect two-step model. Result: The Probit estimation shows that Household head with social leadership, access to extension, and availability of irrigable land, number of oxen and family size have significant and positive effect whereas the family size square and distant to the nearest market restrains participation in small scale irrigation. The ordinary least square using household income as outcome variable reveals that Tropical Livestock Unit, participation in small scale irrigation and land size has significant positive effect on household income. Conclusion and recommendation: The study pointed out that loss of water, pests and diseases are the most common challenges in using small scale irrigation. Administration body and other concerned body should work the best on the quality, expansion and distribution of small scale irrigation by solving or at least mitigating the challenges face in using small scale irrigation.

Published in International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14
Page(s) 217-228
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Small Scale Irrigation, Income, Heckman Two Step Treatment Effect Model, Woreda Ahferom

References
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[2] Sarker, KK.,Alam,MdA.,Hasan,MK.,Mondol,MRH(2014). Evaluation and Future Options for Hillock Crop Production System in Lalmai Region of Bangladesh. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.3(4):313-319. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20140304.24
[3] MOA,(2010). Ministry of Agriculture and rural development; report of Agriculture., Ethiopia.
[4] IWMI (International Water Management Institute) (2011). Experiences and opportunities for promoting small-scale micro irrigation and rain water harvesting for food security in Ethiopia, Working paper 98. IWMI: Addis Ababa. Sleshi Bekle (2011). Assessment of Small Scale Irrigation and Water Harvesting in Ethiopian Agricultural Development International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
[5] Nhundu, Kenneth (2013). Determinants of farmer participation in irrigation development post fast track land reform programme a case study of Mashonaland East Province Zimbabwe. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability Vol.1, No. 1, 2013.
[6] Alamerie,K., Ketema,M., Gelaw,F(2014). Risks in Vegetables Production from the Perspective of Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Kombolcha Woreda, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Special Issue: Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment. 3(6-1): 1-5. doi:10.11648 /j.aff. s.2014030601.11
[7] Nhundu, K, Gwata, C, Mushunje, A.2010. Impacts of Zimbabwe European Union micro-project programme (Zim/Eu MPP) in funding smallholder irrigation projects on food security and income levels: A case study of Mopane irrigation.
[8] Awulachew, S. B.; Merrey, D.; Kamara, A.; Koppen, B. V.; de Vries, F. P.; Boelee, E.; Makombe, G. (eds). 2005. Experiences and Opportunities for Promoting Small-scale/micro- irrigation and Rainwater Harvesting for Food Security in Ethiopia. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute. 86p. (IWMI Working Paper 98).
[9] Bernard Chazovachii.(2012). The impact of small scale irrigation schemes on rural livelihoods: the case of panganai irrigation scheme bikita district Zimbabwe. Journal of sustainable development in Africa (volume 14, no.4, 2012) clarion university of Pennsylvania.
[10] CSA (Central Statistics Agency). 2007. Summery and statistical report of 2007 population and housing census of Ethiopia, Ethiopia.
[11] IWMI (International Water Management Institute) (2010). Experiences and opportunities for promoting small-scale micro irrigation and rain water harvesting for food security in Ethiopia, Working paper 98. IWMI: Addis Ababa.
[12] Graciana Peter(2011) the impact of small scale irrigation schemes on household food security in Swaziland, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 13, No.6,).
[13] MOFED (Ministry of Finance and Economic Development) 2006. Ethiopia: Building on Progress. A Plan for Accelerated and Sustained Development to End Poverty. (2005/06-2009/10). Volume I: Main Text. Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). September, 2006.
[14] Marrit Van Den Berg & Ruerd Ruben. (2006). Small-Scale irrigation and income distribution in Ethiopia, Wageningen University, The Netherlands Published online.
[15] Mujere, N. Chazovachii, B., Chifodya, G and Mushuku, A (2010) Evaluating Factors Influencing The Variation Of Irrigated Wheat Yields. A Case Study Of Chinyamatumwa Irrigation Scheme In Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 2011, Vol 13, No.4.
[16] Zaman H.(2006), Assessing the poverty and vulnerability impact of micro credit access in Bangladesh, a Case Study of BRAC, Office of the Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, the World Bank.
[17] Seoul A.(2013). Evaluating the effects of irrigation on poverty reduction and income distribution in the Nile Basin: A lesson from Banjo Worde of the Amhara Region (Ethiopia), Vol. 3(2): 105-113.
[18] Sisay Belay and Fekadu Beyene. (2013). Small-scale irrigation and household income linkage: Evidence from Deder district, Vol. 8( 34),Ethiopia.
[19] MOFED.(2010).The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) 2010/11-2014/15, Draft. 2010 September, Addis Ababa.
[20] Seleshi Bekele Awulachew and Douglas J. Merrey.(2013). Assessment of Small Scale Irrigation and Water Harvesting in Ethiopian Agricultural Development, International Water Management Institute (IWMI).
[21] Http://www.ilri.cgiar.org(18/12/2011/12).
[22] Hussein Kebede and Ermias Birru, (2011). Guideline irrigation agronomy on ministry of agriculture, natural resource sector, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[23] Intizar Hussain.(2007). Direct and indirect benefits and potential dis-benefits of irrigation: evidence and lessons International Network on Participatory Irrigation Management (INPIM), Islamabad, Pakistan (Formerly Senior Economist, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka.
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    Abraham Gebrehiwot Yihdego, Addis Adera Gebru, Mesfin Tilahun Gelaye. (2015). The Impact of Small – Scale Irrigation on Income of Rural Farm Households: Evidence from Ahferom Woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 4(4), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14

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    ACS Style

    Abraham Gebrehiwot Yihdego; Addis Adera Gebru; Mesfin Tilahun Gelaye. The Impact of Small – Scale Irrigation on Income of Rural Farm Households: Evidence from Ahferom Woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia. Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2015, 4(4), 217-228. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14

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    AMA Style

    Abraham Gebrehiwot Yihdego, Addis Adera Gebru, Mesfin Tilahun Gelaye. The Impact of Small – Scale Irrigation on Income of Rural Farm Households: Evidence from Ahferom Woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia. Int J Bus Econ Res. 2015;4(4):217-228. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14,
      author = {Abraham Gebrehiwot Yihdego and Addis Adera Gebru and Mesfin Tilahun Gelaye},
      title = {The Impact of Small – Scale Irrigation on Income of Rural Farm Households: Evidence from Ahferom Woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia},
      journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
      volume = {4},
      number = {4},
      pages = {217-228},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20150404.14},
      abstract = {Background: Small scale irrigation is an important strategy in reducing risks associated with rainfall variability and increasing income of rural farm -households. Objective: To examine the impact of small-scale irrigation on income of rural farm households. It also presents the problems and challenges in use of small scale irrigation. Methods: A cross-sectional data obtained using a sample of 200 respondents selected through multi-stage random sampling techniques from three Tabiyas in Woreda Ahferom in central Tigray, Ethiopia in 2013/2014 cropping year. The data were analyzed using Heckman treatment effect two-step model. Result: The Probit estimation shows that Household head with social leadership, access to extension, and availability of irrigable land, number of oxen and family size have significant and positive effect whereas the family size square and distant to the nearest market restrains participation in small scale irrigation. The ordinary least square using household income as outcome variable reveals that Tropical Livestock Unit, participation in small scale irrigation and land size has significant positive effect on household income. Conclusion and recommendation: The study pointed out that loss of water, pests and diseases are the most common challenges in using small scale irrigation. Administration body and other concerned body should work the best on the quality, expansion and distribution of small scale irrigation by solving or at least mitigating the challenges face in using small scale irrigation.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Impact of Small – Scale Irrigation on Income of Rural Farm Households: Evidence from Ahferom Woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia
    AU  - Abraham Gebrehiwot Yihdego
    AU  - Addis Adera Gebru
    AU  - Mesfin Tilahun Gelaye
    Y1  - 2015/08/10
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14
    T2  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
    JF  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
    JO  - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
    SP  - 217
    EP  - 228
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-756X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150404.14
    AB  - Background: Small scale irrigation is an important strategy in reducing risks associated with rainfall variability and increasing income of rural farm -households. Objective: To examine the impact of small-scale irrigation on income of rural farm households. It also presents the problems and challenges in use of small scale irrigation. Methods: A cross-sectional data obtained using a sample of 200 respondents selected through multi-stage random sampling techniques from three Tabiyas in Woreda Ahferom in central Tigray, Ethiopia in 2013/2014 cropping year. The data were analyzed using Heckman treatment effect two-step model. Result: The Probit estimation shows that Household head with social leadership, access to extension, and availability of irrigable land, number of oxen and family size have significant and positive effect whereas the family size square and distant to the nearest market restrains participation in small scale irrigation. The ordinary least square using household income as outcome variable reveals that Tropical Livestock Unit, participation in small scale irrigation and land size has significant positive effect on household income. Conclusion and recommendation: The study pointed out that loss of water, pests and diseases are the most common challenges in using small scale irrigation. Administration body and other concerned body should work the best on the quality, expansion and distribution of small scale irrigation by solving or at least mitigating the challenges face in using small scale irrigation.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia

  • Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia

  • Department of Economics, College of Economics and Business, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

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